The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima
نویسندگان
چکیده
Larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) raised from eggs in the laboratory were subjected to biweekly 24-h seawater (35 ppt) challenges. There was no survival in seawater before 36 days post-hatch, and most mortalities occurred within 2 h of transfer. Twenty-four hour survival reached 89% in seawater at 45 days post-hatch (when larvaljuvenile metamorphosis occurred), 96% at 58 days post-hatch, and 92100% from 58 to 127 days post-hatch. Survival in seawater for 24 h was a good indicator of long-term survival and growth. Seawater tolerance was associated with gill development and increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, which occurred at the onset of the larvaljuvenile metamorphosis (3 months prior to the peak of migration). Gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased threefold in juvenile shad acclimated to 35-ppt seawater, reached peak levels 5 days after transfer, and remained elevated with respect to controls. Plasma sodium and chloride increased 12 and 11%, respectively, within 48 h of seawater exposure. Plasma sodium recovered to initial levels and plasma chloride stabilized at a level 10% higher than initial levels after 5 days. Ionic perturbations that occurred at elevated salinities stabilized when gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased. Résumé : Des aloses savoureuses (Alosa sapidissima) larvaires et juvØniles ØlevØes depuis loeuf dans le laboratoire ont ØtØ soumises à des stimulations par leau de mer (35 parties par millier) pendant 24 h deux fois par semaine. On na pas enregistrØ de survie dans leau de mer avant 36 jours aprŁs lØclosion et la plus grande partie de la mortalitØ est survenue dans un dØlai de 2 h aprŁs le transfert dans leau de mer. La survie pendant 24 h a atteint 89% dans leau de mer 45 jours aprŁs lØclosion (lorsque la mØtamorphose larvejuvØnile se produit), 96% à 58 jours aprŁs lØclosion et 92100% entre 58 et 127 jours aprŁs lØclosion. La survie dans leau de mer pendant 24 h Øtait un bon indicateur de la survie et de la croissance à long terme. La tolØrance à leau de mer a ØtØ liØe au dØveloppement des branchies et à une activitØ Na+,K+-ATPasique accrue qui survient au dØbut de la mØtamorphose larvejuvØnile (3 mois avant la migration de pointe). LactivitØ Na+,K+-ATPasique a triplØ chez lalose juvØnile acclimatØe à leau de mer (35 parties par millier), a atteint son maximum 5 jours aprŁs le transfert et est demeurØe ØlevØe par rapport à la situation observØe chez les tØmoins. Les concentrations de sodium et de chlorure plasmatiques ont augmentØ de 12 et 11% dans un dØlai de 48 h aprŁs lexposition à leau de mer. La concentration de sodium plasmatique est revenue à sa valeur initiale et celle du chlorure sest stabilisØe à une concentration supØrieure de 10% à la valeur initiale aprŁs 5 jours. Les perturbations ioniques qui sont survenues à des salinitØs ØlevØes se sont stabilisØes lorsque lactivitØ Na+,K+-ATPasique a augmentØ. [Traduit par la RØdaction]
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